Sains Malaysiana 53(2)(2024): 239-248

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-01

Evaluation of Encapsulated Astaxanthin from White Shrimp Shells (Litopenaeus vannamei) on Hepatotoxicity

(Penilaian Astaxantin Berkapsul daripada Kulit Udang Putih (Litopenaeus vannamei) terhadap Kehepatoksikan)

NIRACHA YANYIUM^1#, WANIDA SUKKETSIRI^1#, PENNAPA CHONPATHOMPIKUNLERT², WANWIMOL KLAYPRADIT³, JIRAWAT SAETAN¹, SEBASTIEN MARAIS⁴ & SUPITA TANASAWET¹*

¹Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand

²Biodiversity Research Centre (BRC), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

³Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand

⁴Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UAR 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France

Received: 13 June 2023/Accepted: 1 February 2024

Abstract

Recent advances in astaxanthin encapsulation have been reported, but hepatotoxic effect remains unclear. The present investigation therefore aimed to examine the effects of encapsulated astaxanthin from white shrimp shells (Litopenaeus vannamei) on liver toxicity. Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups as control (C), and receiving vitamin E (VE), astaxanthin commercial (AC), astaxanthin extracted from white shrimp shells (AE), astaxanthin encapsulation into powder form (AP), and blank powder (BP). The evaluation of liver in response to astaxanthin administration was then assessed in terms of biochemical parameters and histopathological features. Liver enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), showed no significant differences among all groups of treatment. Histopathological study showed no abnormal changes on liver tissue including hepatic inflammation. Our data demonstrated that astaxanthin encapsulation did not increase the expression of NF-ҡB nuclear translocation and CYP2E1 in comparison with the control group. Additionally, in this study, the consumption of astaxanthin and vitamin E resulted in a reduction in the oxidative stress index (OSI), while the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were significantly increased compared to the control group. Our data suggested that astaxanthin encapsulation does not cause hepatic toxicity, contributing useful information in the applications of astaxanthin encapsulation technology.

Keywords: Astaxanthin; encapsulation; histopathology; liver; white shrimp shells

Abstrak

Perkembangan terkini dalam enkapsulasi astaxantin telah dilaporkan, namun kesan hepatotoksik masih tidak jelas. Oleh itu, penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan astaxantin terkapsul daripada kulit udang putih (Litopenaeus vannamei) terhadap ketoksikan hati. Tikus Wistar dibahagikan kepada 6 kumpulan sebagai kawalan (C), serta menerima vitamin E (VE), astaxantin komersial (AC), astaxantin yang diekstrak daripada kulit udang putih (AE), astaxantin enkapsulasi dalam bentuk serbuk (AP) dan serbuk kosong (BP). Penilaian hati sebagai tindak balas kepada perlakuan astaxantin kemudiannya dinilai daripada segi parameter biokimia dan ciri histopatologi. Enzim hati, aspartat aminotransferase (AST) dan alanin aminotransferase (ALT), tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan antara semua kumpulan rawatan. Kajian histopatologi mendedahkan tiada perubahan abnormal pada tisu hati termasuk keradangan hepatik. Data kami menunjukkan bahawa enkapsulasi astaxantin tidak meningkatkan pengekspresn translokasi nuklear NF-ҡB dan CYP2E1 berbanding kumpulan kawalan. Di samping itu, dalam kajian ini, penggunaan astaxantin dan vitamin E mengakibatkan pengurangan dalam indeks tekanan oksidatif (OSI), manakala tahap enzim antioksidan, termasuk glutation peroksidase (GPx) dan superoksida dismutase (SOD), meningkat dengan signifikan berbanding kumpulan kawalan. Data kami mencadangkan bahawa enkapsulasi astaxantin tidak menyebabkan ketoksikan hepatik, lantas menyumbang maklumat berguna dalam aplikasi teknologi pengkapsulan astaxantin.

Kata kunci: Astaxantin; enkapsulasi; hati; histopatologi; kulit udang putih

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*Corresponding author; email: supita.t@psu.ac.th